Flat Floored Craters

Also called tuff cones maars are shallow flat floored craters that scientists interpret have formed above diatremes as a result of a violent expansion of magmatic gas or steam. Lofn is a large relatively young impact crater on jupiter s galilean satellite callisto it was identified in 1997 and named after the goddess of marriage in norse mythology located near the south pole of this moon lofn is classified as a flat floored or anomalous dome impact crater it is superimposed on adlinda multilayer structure obscuring about 30 of it. Such postimpact modification can include regolith transported down the crater walls and onto the floor infilling by aeolian or lacustrine material or infilling by lava unrelated to the impact process e g plato flooding of the crater by lavas e g schultz 1976a.

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Our model includes appropriate insolation cycles realistic crater shapes multiple scattering of sunlight and infrared radiation and depth and temperature dependent regolith.

Flat floored craters.

Simple craters are 10 miles in diameter or less. Due to the cratering process itself and due to postimpact modification. Partially surrounding the bay is a ridge up to 100 m above the lake with a maximum diameter of 13 km which probably represents the outer rim of the crater. Flat floored craters occur in complex craters or highly degraded or modified simple craters.

Such flat floors extend across the entire reach of the crater bottom or can be interrupted at the center by a central peak or peak ring. Deep erosion of a maar presumably would expose a diatreme. Lalande a only 8 mi. Also known as maars tuff cones are shallow flat floored craters that scientists think formed as a result of a violent expansion of magmatic gas or steam according to the u s.

The flat portion of the floor may occur at the crater center or occur as an annulus around a central uplift synonymsflat floored impact craterdescriptionimpact craters can have a variable floor. In order to assess the thermal stability of polar ice deposits we present model calculated temperatures of flat surfaces and surfaces within bowl shaped and flat floored polar impact craters on mercury and the moon. This is generally a splash effect caused by the kinetic energy of the impacting object being turned to heat and melting some lunar material. Maars range in size from 200 to 6 500 feet across and from 30 to 650 feet deep and most are commonly filled with water to form natural lakes.

The deep bay flat floored crater is a nearly circular lake near the south end of reindeer lake. One variant of the floor morphology is a relatively flat more or less level floor. Flat floored craters occur for two reasons. Crater floor a more or less smooth flat area which as it ages accumulates small craters of its own central peak found only in some craters with a diameter exceeding 26 kilometres 16 mi.

They start with rounded floors then progress to a flat floor resulting from a cascade of boulders that have rolled down the interior walls and settled at the bottom. In diameter located about 40 miles southwest of the crater lalande is a good example of a simple crater.